Energy+Across+Systems+crosswalk

Energy Across Systems Standards Crosswalk Document

An object has kinetic energy because of its linear motion, rotational motion, or both. The kinetic energy of an object can be determined knowing its mass and speed. The object’s geometry also needs to be known to determine its rotational kinetic energy. An object can have potential energy when under the influence of gravity, elastic forces or electric forces and its potential energy can be determined from its position. **(E)**
 * Energy Across Systems Content Cross-walking Document ||
 * Lesson ||  Objective  ||  Standards Addressed (include prioritization E, I or C)  ||  Lesson Prioritization (E, I, C)  ||  Timing Suggestion(s)  ||
 * Investigation 1: Getting to Work With Energy ||  Review the concepts of energy transfer and energy transformation and the basic forms of energy (from the grade 6-8 science content standards).
 * Investigation 1: Getting to Work With Energy ||  Review the concepts of energy transfer and energy transformation and the basic forms of energy (from the grade 6-8 science content standards).

Discuss the significance of the Law of Conservation of Energy.

Describe how force and distance combine mathematically to quantify the energy transfer in a process called work.

Quantify the work done (energy transferred or transformed) in examples.

Create and explain energy chains. || ** Standard 3.1.A. ** Electromagnetic waves carry a single form of energy called electromagnetic (radiant) energy. (E)   **Level: Essential**    ** Standard 3.1.B. ** An object has kinetic energy because of its linear motion, rotational motion, or both. The kinetic energy of an object can be determined knowing its mass and speed. The object’s geometry also needs to be known to determine its rotational kinetic energy. An object can have potential energy when under the influence of gravity, elastic forces or electric forces and its potential energy can be determined from its position. **Level: Essential**

** Standard 3.1.C. ** Mechanical waves result from the organized vibrations of molecules in substances. Kinetic energy can be transferred very quickly over large distances by mechanical waves.
 * Level: Essential **

** Standard 3.1.E. ** Magnetic energy and electrical energy are different aspects of a single electromagnetic energy, which results from the motion of electrical charges. **Level: Essential** Energy Chain **Level: Essential** Crash Barrier Level: Essential || Investigation 1: (8) 45 minute periods
 * Standard 3.1.D. ** Thermal (heat) energy is associated with the random kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance.
 * Level: Essential **
 * Level: Compact **
 * Standard 3.1.F. ** Chemical energy is derived from the making and breaking of chemical bonds.
 * Level: Essential **  3.2.B. Forces are mechanisms that can transfer energy from one object to another. A force acting on an object and moving it through a distance does work on that object and changes its kinetic energy, potential energy, or both. Power indicates the rate at which forces transfer energy to an object or away from it. **(E)**  3.3.A Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. Energy can be transferred from one object to another and can be transformed from one form to another, but the total amount of energy never changes. Recognizing that energy is conserved, the processes of energy transformation and energy transfer can be used to understand the changes that take place in physical systems. **(E)**   3.3.2. Most of the changes that occur in the universe involve the transformation of energy from one form to another. Almost all of these energy transformations lead to the production of some heat energy, whether or not heat energy is the desired output of the transformation process. **(E)**  || Golf Ball Drop

Golf Ball Drop: (2) class

Energy Chain: (2-3) classes

Crash Barrier: (2-3) classes ||
 * Investigation 2: The Energy of Position: Investigating Gravitational Potential Energy ||  Describe energy by the “change” that is produced.

Create, explain, and use energy diagrams to analyze the flow of energy in a physical system.

Use the concept of work (force x distance) to quantify the gravitational potential energy of an object.

Describe the effect of air resistance on a moving object in terms of energy transfer and transformation.

Describe power as the rate of energy transfer; quantify power in a physical system. || 3.1.B An object has kinetic energy because of its linear motion, rotational motion, or both. The kinetic energy of an object can be determined knowing its mass and speed. The object’s geometry also needs to be known to determine its rotational kinetic energy. An object can have potential energy when under the influence of gravity, elastic forces or electric forces and its potential energy can be determined from its position. **(E)** 3.2.B. Forces are mechanisms that can transfer energy from one object to another. A force acting on an object and moving it through a distance does work on that object and changes its kinetic energy, potential energy, or both. Power indicates the rate at which forces transfer energy to an object or away from it. **(E)** 3.2.E Gravity is a universal force of attraction that each mass exerts on any other mass. The strength of the force depends on the masses of the objects and the distance between them. The force of gravity is generally not important unless at least one of the two masses involved is huge (a star, the Earth or another planet or a moon). **(E)** 3.3.A Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. Energy can be transferred from one object to another and can be transformed from one form to another, but the total amount of energy never changes. Recognizing that energy is conserved, the processes of energy transformation and energy transfer can be used to understand the changes that take place in physical systems. **(E)** 3 .3.B. Most of the changes that occur in the universe involve the transformation of energy from one form to another. Almost all of these energy transformations lead to the production of some heat energy, whether or not heat energy is the desired output of the transformation process. **(E)** || Go Motion Probe ** Level: Essential ** Energy Diagram #2 ** Level: Important ** Skate Park Simulation ** Level: Essential **

GPE equation creation ** Level: Essential **

Falling Objects - Air Resistance ** Level: Important ** Power Equation - Stair Activity ** Level: Important ** || Investigation 2: (10) 45 minutes class periods ||
 * Investigation 3: Where the Rubber Meets the Road: Investigating Kinetic Energy and Car Crashes ||  Describe how frictional forces transform KE into heat energy.

Recognize that the relationship between Kinetic Energy and speed is not a simple relationship (i.e. doubling the speed, quadruples the KE).

Quantify the KE of a moving object using a mathematical equation.

Analyze a physical system using the concepts surrounding the force of friction and KE transfer. || 3.1.B An object has kinetic energy because of its linear motion, rotational motion, or both. The kinetic energy of an object can be determined knowing its mass and speed. The object’s geometry also needs to be known to determine its rotational kinetic energy. An object can have potential energy when under the influence of gravity, elastic forces or electric forces and its potential energy can be determined from its position. **(E)** 3.2.B. Forces are mechanisms that can transfer energy from one object to another. A force acting on an object and moving it through a distance does work on that object and changes its kinetic energy, potential energy, or both. Power indicates the rate at which forces transfer energy to an object or away from it. **(E)**

** 3.3.A Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. Energy can be transferred from one object to another and can be transformed from one form to another, but the total amount of energy never changes. Recognizing that energy is conserved, the processes of energy transformation and energy transfer can be used to understand the changes that take place in physical systems. **(E)  3 .3.B. Most of the changes that occur in the universe involve the transformation of energy from one form to another. Almost all of these energy transformations lead to the production of some heat energy, whether or not heat energy is the desired output of the transformation process. **(E)** || Crime Scene Investigation

Force Probe - Friction

KE Equation

Accident Scene Reconstruction || Investigation 3: (7) 45 minute periods ||
 * Investigation 4: Stretching the Limits: Investigating Elastic Energy and Earthquakes ||  Recognize that the relationship between the Elastic Potential Energy and the elastic stretch / compression is not simple (i.e. if the stretch or compression is doubled, then the EPE is quadrupled).

Quantify the EPE of an object using mathematical equations.

Recognize that every material has a unique property that determines the elasticity of the material known as the elastic constant.

Recognize that each elastic material has an elastic limit, which is the point where the elastic material is stretched or compressed such that it will no longer return to its original shape.

Recognize that in most examples EPE is transformed into KE; a good example of this is earthquakes. || 3.1.B An object has kinetic energy because of its linear motion, rotational motion, or both. The kinetic energy of an object can be determined knowing its mass and speed. The object’s geometry also needs to be known to determine its rotational kinetic energy. An object can have potential energy when under the influence of gravity, elastic forces or electric forces and its potential energy can be determined from its position. **(E)** 3.2.B. Forces are mechanisms that can transfer energy from one object to another. A force acting on an object and moving it through a distance does work on that object and changes its kinetic energy, potential energy, or both. Power indicates the rate at which forces transfer energy to an object or away from it. **(E)**

** 3.3.A Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. Energy can be transferred from one object to another and can be transformed from one form to another, but the total amount of energy never changes. Recognizing that energy is conserved, the processes of energy transformation and energy transfer can be used to understand the changes that take place in physical systems. **(E)  3 .3.B. Most of the changes that occur in the universe involve the transformation of energy from one form to another. Almost all of these energy transformations lead to the production of some heat energy, whether or not heat energy is the desired output of the transformation process. **(E)** || Force Probe - EPE

EPE Pasco Car Activity

EPE Equation - Elastic Constant

Earth Quake Simulation || Investigation 4: (7) 45 minute periods ||
 * Investigation 5: The Kinetic Energy of Molecules ||  Recognize the presence of intermolecular forces and their importance in energy transfer and transformation.

Recognize the difference between organized KE and random/ disorganized KE of molecules.

Describe the differences between the forces of friction and air resistance.

Explain how the forces of friction and air resistance affect the transfer and transformation of energy. || 3.1.D Thermal (heat) energy is associated with the random kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance. **(E)** 3.1.C Mechanical waves result from the organized vibrations of molecules in substances. Kinetic energy can be transferred very quickly over large distances by mechanical waves. **(E)** 3.2.B. Forces are mechanisms that can transfer energy from one object to another. A force acting on an object and moving it through a distance does work on that object and changes its kinetic energy, potential energy, or both. Power indicates the rate at which forces transfer energy to an object or away from it. **(E)** ** 3.3.A Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. Energy can be transferred from one object to another and can be transformed from one form to another, but the total amount of energy never changes. Recognizing that energy is conserved, the processes of energy transformation and energy transfer can be used to understand the changes that take place in physical systems. (E)**

3.3.B Most of the changes that occur in the universe involve the transformation of energy from one form to another. Almost all of these energy transformations lead to the production of some heat energy, whether or not heat energy is the desired output of the transformation process. **(E)** || Molecular Bonds of Water

Sphere and Springs Model

Force Probe - Oscillations

Vibrations in Solids

Molecule Scaling

Sphere and Spring Collision Model

Feeling Vibrations in Solids - Force Probe

Kinetic Energy - Organized/Chaotic

Nature of Thermal Energy || Investigation 5: (9) 45 minute periods ||
 * Investigation 6: Oscillations and Energy: Investigating How Waves Transfer Energy ||  Recognize and describe the influence of amplitude and frequency on the energy carried by the wave and the energy delivered by the wave.

Recognize the connection between the motion of a particles and the wave that is generated due to the motion of the particle.

Describe natural frequency and how absorption of waves can affect the natural frequency of a material. || 3.1.A Electromagnetic waves carry a single form of energy called electromagnetic (radiant) energy. **(E)** 3.1.E Magnetic energy and electrical energy are different aspects of a single electromagnetic energy, which results from the motion of electrical charges. **(C)** 3.1.D Thermal (heat) energy is associated with the random kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance. **(E)** 3.2.B. Forces are mechanisms that can transfer energy from one object to another. A force acting on an object and moving it through a distance does work on that object and changes its kinetic energy, potential energy, or both. Power indicates the rate at which forces transfer energy to an object or away from it. **(E)** 3.3.A Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. Energy can be transferred from one object to another and can be transformed from one form to another, but the total amount of energy never changes. Recognizing that energy is conserved, the processes of energy transformation and energy transfer can be used to understand the changes that take place in physical systems. (E) 3.3.B Most of the changes that occur in the universe involve the transformation of energy from one form to another. Almost all of these energy transformations lead to the production of some heat energy, whether or not heat energy is the desired output of the transformation process. **(E)**  || Reviewing Concepts

Motion on a Spring

Electromagnetic Waves - Computer Simulation || Investigation 6: (7) 45 minute periods ||
 * Investigation 7: Reflect, Absorb, or Transmit: Investigating Selective Absorption of Waves ||  Describe the characteristics of the key sections of the electromagnetic spectrum and their practical uses.

Describe how incident waves interact with objects and how these interactions affect energy transfer and energy transformation processes.

Describe the difference between selective absorption and selective reflection.

Describe natural frequency and how selective absorption of waves can affect the natural frequency of a material.

Investigate how common materials selectively absorb or selectively reflect EM energy transferred by EM waves. || 3.1.A Electromagnetic waves carry a single form of energy called electromagnetic (radiant) energy. **(E)** 3.1.E Magnetic energy and electrical energy are different aspects of a single electromagnetic energy, which results from the motion of electrical charges. (C)

3.1.C Mechanical waves result from the organized vibrations of molecules in substances. Kinetic energy can be transferred very quickly over large distances by mechanical waves. (E)

3.2.B. Forces are mechanisms that can transfer energy from one object to another. A force acting on an object and moving it through a distance does work on that object and changes its kinetic energy, potential energy, or both. Power indicates the rate at which forces trnsfer energy to an object or away from it. (E)

3.3.A Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. Energy can be transferred from one object to another and can be transformed from one form to another, but the total amount of energy never changes. Recognizing that energy is conserved, the processes of energy transformation and energy transfer can be used to understand the changes that take place in physical systems. (E)

3.3.B Most of the changes that occur in the universe involve the transformation of energy from one form to another. Almost all of these energy transformations lead to the production of some heat energy, whether or not heat energy is the desired output of the transformation process. (E) 3.3.C Waves (e.g., sound and seismic waves, waves in water, and electromagnetic waves) carry energy that can have important consequences when transferred to objects or substances. **(E)** ** When waves interact with materials, the energy they transfer often leads to the formation of other forms of energy. These interactions, which depend upon the nature of the material and the wavelength of the waves, can be used to create practical devices (e.g., sonar and ultra sound imaging, solar cells, remote control units, and communication devices). (I)3.3.D. **


 * 3.3.E Through reflection and refraction, electromagnetic waves can be redirected to produce concentrated beams or images of their source. (I) **  || Electromagnetic Spectrum - Jello/Lasers

Light Division

Selective Absorption and Microwaves

Infrared Waves

UV Waves

Radio Waves

Global Warming || Investigation 7: (9) 45 minute periods ||
 * Investigation 8: Making an Energy Argument ||  Use energy concepts to defend or refute an argument concerning society’s use of energy.

Make connections between the various energy concepts investigated in this unit. ||  3.4.A. Demand for energy by society leads to continuous exploration in order to expand supplies of fossil fuels. Nuclear energy is an alternative form of energy. Through the use of fission reactors, nuclear energy is already widely used for the generation of electrical energy. Additional technologies are being developed to increase the use of other alternate energy sources. **(E)**  3.4.B. The increase in energy demand and the new technologies being developed to meet these needs and improve the efficiencies of energy systems have social and environmental consequences. Societal expectations for a sustainable environment will require new, cleaner technologies for the production and use of energy. **(E)** || Energy Chains - Sports Figures

Relation of Energy Concepts

Making an Energy Arguement || Investigation 8 (Supplemental): (3) 45 minute periods ||